The authors had properly analyzed 28 clinical cases of epilepsy aggravation on levetiracetam therapy in pediatric patients receiving levetiracetam (n = 183). Risk of aggravation was 15,3 % (n = 28), including aggravation of epileptic status in 3,3 % of cases (n = 6). Levetiracetam could aggravate the following types of epileptic seizures: predominantly tonic spasms and myoclonic seizures, atypical absences with addition of negative epileptic myoclonus de novo, rarely – focal seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures and in some cases could aggravate status epilepticus of atypical absences, myoclonic, hemiconvulsive, tonic-autonomic and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. So, levetiracetam in population of infancy, early childhood and pre-school age children (before 7 years) must be used very carefully in consideration of potential risk of epilepsy aggravation.

Imaginary worsening in epilepsy is a state in which the patient and his family tell a physician about the increased frequency of the existing seizures or the occurrence of new types of paroxysms after the accurate diagnosis of epilepsy and the prescription of antiepileptic drugs (according to the form of the disease and types of seizures). At the same time, careful medical questioning and additional examination involving prolonged video-electroencephalographic monitoring prove that proximal states that are a patient’s complaints have no epileptic cause and hence a worsening of the disease is absent.

The course of epilepsies with reducing of number and severity of seizures due to increase of body temperature is described. There are 14 children with these epilepsy features are made as an example. Possible mechanisms of this process are assumed. The different mechanism of hyperthermia action on febrile seizures, Dravet syndrome, generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus are discussed. The main features of
epilepsies with pyrexial remissions are circumscribed with their rate. Possible hereditary factors of SCN1A mutations are supposed.

One of the most important problem of modern clinical electroencephalography (EEG) – the almost complete absence of classification, understandable and useful for doctors, based on the basic principles of medical semiotics with determination of individual symptoms and syndromes, which allows the clinicians to use the classification as a diagnostic tool for diagnostics of various pathological conditions. Currently, the clinical neurologist can use two classifications of EEG that are not quite accurately reflecting the clinical picture of the existing pathology. The author proposed a review of neurophysiological EEG classification of H. Luders to create a unified classification of EEG, which could be equally used for practical doctors, neurophysiologists and other specialists.

Autism spectrum disorders in children are attracting the increasing attention of general practitioners, which is due to the specification of diagnostic criteria and to the recognition of the fact that there is atypical autism that is a syndrome of many different diseases. The authors consider in detail the theory of autism and the clinical manifestations of atypical autism, including possible neurological and somatic disorders. Individual attention is placed on the association of autistic disorder with epilepsy or epileptiform activity on the electroencephalogram. An emphasis is made on the need for an interdisciplinary approach and on the interaction of clinicians of different specialties when treating patients with autistic disorder.

Kozhevnikov–Rasmussen's encephalitis (KRE) is a rare inflammatory brain disease characterized by severe intractable epilepsy and unilateral
progressive motor defect associated with controlateral hemispheric atrophy. Authors described clinical features, electroencephalography and magnetic resonance tomography data and course of the disease during 12 years of patient with adult onset KRE.

The authors presented the case report – the patient with idiopathic focal epilepsy with pseudogeneralized seizures is described – the special form of child's epilepsy described first by K.Yu. Mukhin (2006). Specific for this form of epilepsy clinical and electroencephalographic criteria are described. The authors underline the importance of correct and timely syndromological diagnostics for improvement of therapy efficacy and clarification of prognosis.