Artifacts produced in the course of electroencephalographic studies (EEG) is a defect of the recording. Modern equipment detects electroencephalographic extremely small values of changes of bioelectric potentials, and therefore the true EEG recording may be distorted due to the impact of various physical (technical) and / or physiological artifacts. Often this makes it very difficult for her explanation and interpretation. The purpose of this article is demonstration of the most typical artifacts that appear during EEG recording to increase the knowledge of doctors conducting EEG study. It is shown that almost all of EEG artifacts have specific (unique) features that allow to experienced doctors separate them from the main record. Therefore, even during the study on the modern diagnostic equipment EEG-technician and doctors must recognize the recorded artifacts, doing its best efforts to remove them from the main recording of EEG.

The authors analyzed the direct and indirect costs of treating epilepsy in 611 children aged from 1 month to 18 years in urban outpatient treatment and diagnostic center for the treatment of epilepsy in children based on the individual characteristics of each patient: forms of epilepsy, used regimen of therapy, effectiveness of therapy, body mass. The pharmacoeconomic aspects in idiopathic generalized epilepsy, idiopathic partial epilepsy, epileptic encephalopathies, symptomatic partial epilepsy and cryptogenic partial epilepsy were analyzed. It turned out that in patients with 50% effectiveness of treatment costs increase by more than twice, and in cases of non- effectiveness of treatment — more than three times — in all forms of epilepsy. Indirect costs in cases of loss of control for seizures exceed the direct costs saving

Angiopathy of retinal vessels (retinal angiopathy) without another clinical manifestations often has rhinogenous etiology. This is facilitated by close anatomical and topographical connections between of orbits, sphenoid bone and paranasal sinuses, community of their circulatory, lymphatic system and innervation. The effects of anemia and stress on the retinal vessels are also important, it is also possible to be congenital vascular tortuosity. This open non-comparative, prospective short-term study involving 30 children aged from 1 year to 17 years was planned in order to clarify the possible causes of retinal angiopathy. Study investigations included: clinical neurological and laboratory diagnostic tests, including neuroimaging (computed tomography (CT) of brain). Follow-up was 6 months. Neurological causes of headaches were revealed in 8 (26.7%) children, deficient anemia (lack of iron, vitamin B12,
folic acid) was verified in 4 (13.3%) children. In the vast majority of cases (18 or 60.0% of children) no pathology was revealed. Medical history and data of follow-up observation confirmed that most of the reflex-circulatory processes of the retinal vessels in our study developed in response to a respiratory infection or exacerbation of chronic rhinosinusitis

A detailed review of the literature, reflecting many aspects of сerebrolysin in a wide range of nervous system disorders, including various diseases in children is described. In addition to high efficacy, the therapy was well tolerated, which further enhances the perspectives of using сerebrolysin in pediatric neurology

The authors described a case of focal epilepsy of childhood with structural brain changes and benign epileptiform discharges on EEG (FECSBC-BEDC). Correct syndromological diagnostics helped to clarify the clinical dynamics, prognosis and improve the therapy.