Balo’s concentric sclerosis. A lecture describing six clinical cases

Balo’s concentric sclerosis (BCS) is a rare demyelinating disorder. The article analyzes six BCS cases diagnosed using magnetic resonance imaging, clinical data, and cerebrospinal fluid studies. The goal is to differentiate BCS from multiple sclerosis (MS), assess prognosis, and evaluate therapy. Patients exhibited concentric demyelination lesions. In two cases, oligoclonal antibodies were absent (type 1, typical for BCS), while others showed type 2 (more common in MS). Treatment included corticosteroids, plasmapheresis, and anti-B-cell therapy. Disease course varied: some patients had a monophasic course, while others experienced relapsing symptoms resembling pseudotumoral MS. Magnetic resonance imaging showed lesion reduction, but some patients retained neurological deficits.

BCS may be a distinct nosological entity but requires careful differentiation from MS. Early imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis are crucial for diagnosis. MS-like therapy is effective, but further research is needed.