Клинические особенности течения разных форм миотонической дистрофии 1-го типа

Миотоническая дистрофия 1-го типа (МД1) – одна из самых распространенных нервно-мышечных болезней с аутосомно-доминантным типом наследования, ассоциированная с экспансией CTG-повторов в гене DMPK. Особенностью МД1 является наличие не только мышечных симптомов, но и мультисистемности. В зависимости от возраста дебюта болезни и количества CTG-повторов выделяют врожденную, инфантильную, ювенильную, классическую (взрослую) форму и форму с поздним дебютом. Каждая форма имеет свои особенности дебюта, течения, клинической картины болезни, что затрудняет своевременное установление диагноза. Повышение осведомленности врачей всех специальностей о характере течения разных форм МД1 позволит диагностировать заболевание на более ранних сроках, улучшить прогноз и качество жизни пациентов. В статье приводится обзор литературы, демонстрирующий спектр клинических проявлений при разных формах МД1.

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