Electroencephalography and analysis of functional brain activity
https://doi.org/10.17650/2073-8803-2021-16-4-59-68
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) enables the recording and analysis of fast physiological processes in the cerebral cortex, which is currently virtually impossible for the majority of methods of functional brain examination. However, there is a certain stagnation in the EEG technology that requires some improvement in both methodological and technical approaches to EEG.
Objective: to analyze the capacities of EEG and its role in current medical diagnostics. The majority of EEG machines have 8 to 32 recording channels and use the 10–20 electrode placement system. This results in loosing a substantial amount of information due to limited registration of some bioelectric activity and prevents using EEG data together with high-resolution neuroimaging.
This issue can be addressed by EEG machines with high-density recording and multiple primary electroencephalographic sensors (at least 128), which ensures minimal loss of information at the first stage. However, such systems require an absolutely different approach to the analysis of EEG recordings. Larger amount of information (compared to conventional EEG) necessitates the implementation of various mathematical methods to analyze the recorded signals, as well as more extensive use of techniques for combining this data with findings of other diagnostic methods, primarily magnetic resonance imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging. This will open new horizons for the investigation of bioelectric activity of the human brain.
About the Author
S. A. Gulyaev
Department of Radiation Diagnostics and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Federal Center of Brain and Neurotechnologies, Federal Biomedical Agency
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Sergey Aleksandrovich Gulyaev
117997, Moscow, Ostrovityanova St., 1/10
References
1. Andreenko A.S. Review of methods of mathematical processing of electroencephalograms. Izvestiya TRTU = Bulletin of Taganrog State Radio Engineering University 2000;4(18):111, 112. (In Russ.).
2. Bakharev B.V. Correlation-decrement analysis of encephalograms using modeling of biopotentials of the cerebral cortex. Biofizika = Biophysics 2016;61(4):793–8. (In Russ.).
3. Methodological recommendations “Methods of EEG registration and results reporting”. Moscow Healthcare Department, 2021. (In Russ.).
4. Beniczky S., Schomer D.L. Electroencephalography: basic biophysical and technological aspects important for clinical applications. Epileptic Disorders 2020;22(6):697–715 DOI:10.1684/epd.2020.1217.
5. Jasper H.H., Pertuiset B., Flanigin H. EEG and cortical electrograms in patients with temporal lobe seizures. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1951;65:272–90.
6. Penfield W., Jasper H. Epilepsy and the Functional Anatomy of the Human Brain. Boston: Little, Brown & Co, 1954.
7. Peter-Derex L. Beyond the waves: what does the EEG still hold one century after H. Berger? Sleep 2021;44(10):zsab165.
8. Schrooten M., Vandenberghe R., Peeters R., Dupont P. Quantitative Analyses Help in Choosing Between Simultaneous vs. Separate EEG and fMRI. Front Neurosci 2019;12:1009. DOI:10.3389/fnins.2018.01009.
9. Seeck M., Koessler L., Bast T. The standardized EEG electrode array of the IFCN. Clin Neurophysiol 2017;128:2070–7.
10. Tudor M., Tudor L., Tudor K.I. Hans Berger (1873–1941) – the history of electroencephalography. Acta Med Croatica 2005;59(4):307–13.
Review
For citations:
Gulyaev S.A. Electroencephalography and analysis of functional brain activity. Russian Journal of Child Neurology. 2021;16(4):59-68. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17650/2073-8803-2021-16-4-59-68
Views:
611
Email this article 