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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Child Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Child Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Русский журнал детской неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2073-8803</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9178</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">533</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2073-8803-2025-20-3-55-70</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Hirayama disease and problems of its differential diagnosis with other cervical myelopathies: a case report</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Болезнь Хираяма и проблемы ее дифференциального диагноза с другими формами цервикальных миелопатий: клинический случай</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9961-0199</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrukhin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрухин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>epineuro@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3854-3687</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malmberg</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мальмберг</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>epineuro@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sadovskaya</surname><given-names>Y. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Садовская</surname><given-names>Ю. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>epineuro@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pronicheva</surname><given-names>Y. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Проничева</surname><given-names>Ю. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>epineuro@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research and Clinical Center for Children and Adolescents, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр детей и подростков Федерального медико-биологического агентства России»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Children’s Medical Center of the Administrative Department of the President of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Детский медицинский центр» Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>55</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-19"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-19"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, ABV-Press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-Press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://rjdn.abvpress.ru/jour/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjdn.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/533">https://rjdn.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/533</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Hirayama disease, or monomelic amyotrophy, is a quite rare type of cervical flexion myelopathy that causes atrophy of the cervical spinal cord. Today, Hirayama disease is an insufficiently studied pathology that requires a thorough examination and differential diagnosis with other variants of myelopathy, which is especially important for excluding such a serious phenomenon as the cervical variant of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The presentation of this clinical case makes it possible to increase clinicians’ awareness of Hirayama disease in order to ensure early diagnosis and treatment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Болезнь Хираяма, или мономелическая амиотрофия, является разновидностью цервикальной миелопатии, связанной со сгибанием в шейном отделе позвоночника, вызывающей атрофию шейного отдела спинного мозга за счет компрессии отслаивающейся дорсальной части твердой мозговой оболочки. В настоящее время болезнь Хираяма – недостаточно изученная, но доброкачественная патология, требующая тщательного обследования и проведения дифференциальной диагностики с другими вариантами миелопатий, что особенно важно для исключения такой серьезной патологии, как шейный вариант бокового амиотрофического склероза. Представление данного клинического случая позволяет расширить осведомленность клиницистов о болезни Хираяма с целью ранней адекватной диагностики этой патологии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Hirayama disease</kwd><kwd>monomelic amyotrophy</kwd><kwd>spinal cord compression with cervical flexion</kwd><kwd>cervical spine</kwd><kwd>progressive muscular atrophy</kwd><kwd>amyotrophic lateral sclerosis</kwd><kwd>motor multifocal neuropathy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Хираяма</kwd><kwd>мономелическая амиотрофия</kwd><kwd>компрессия спинного мозга при шейном сгибании</kwd><kwd>шейный отдел позвоночника</kwd><kwd>прогрессирующая мышечная атрофия</kwd><kwd>боковой амиотрофический склероз</kwd><kwd>моторная мультифокальная нейропатия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zavalishin I.A., Stoyda N.I., Shitikova I.E. 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