<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Child Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Child Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Русский журнал детской неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2073-8803</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9178</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">531</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2073-8803-2025-20-3-36-40</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Rare forms of optic neuritis. A clinical lecture</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Редкие формы оптического неврита. Клиническая лекция</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2988-5706</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alexeykotov1980@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-19"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-19"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, ABV-Press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-Press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://rjdn.abvpress.ru/jour/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjdn.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/531">https://rjdn.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/531</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Optic neuritis (ON) is an acute inflammatory disorder of the optic nerve, most associated with multiple sclerosis. However, there is a wide spectrum of rare ON forms that pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This lecture addresses the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of such rare forms, including chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy, ON associated with GFAP and CRMP5 antibodies, as well as ON in systemic diseases, infections, and drug-induced ON. Clinical models illustrate key diagnostic criteria and the importance of comprehensive immunological and imaging work-up (cerebrospinal fluid analysis, magnetic resonance imaging and optical coherence tomography). The necessity of a multidisciplinary approach and etiological therapy to preserve vision and prevent disability is emphasized. Timely differential diagnosis of rare ON forms is crucial for successful management.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Оптический неврит (ОН) – острое воспалительное заболевание зрительного нерва, наиболее часто ассоциированное с рассеянным склерозом. Однако существует широкий спектр редких форм ОН, которые представляют значительные диагностические и терапевтические трудности. В лекции рассматриваются клинические особенности, диагностика и лечение таких редких форм, как хронический рецидивирующий воспалительный ОН, ОН, ассоциированный с антителами к GFAP и CRMP5, а также ОН при системных заболеваниях, инфекциях и индуцированный лекарственными средствами. На клинических моделях продемонстрированы ключевые диагностические критерии, важность расширенного иммунологического и визуализационного обследования (анализ ликвора, магнитно-резонансная и оптическая когерентная томография). Подчеркивается необходимость междисциплинарного подхода и этиотропной терапии для сохранения зрения и предотвращения инвалидизации. Своевременная дифференциальная диагностика редких форм ОН является залогом успешного лечения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>optic neuritis</kwd><kwd>rare disease</kwd><kwd>differential diagnosis</kwd><kwd>chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy</kwd><kwd>autoantibodies</kwd><kwd>optic nerve</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>therapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>оптический неврит</kwd><kwd>редкое заболевание</kwd><kwd>дифференциальная диагностика</kwd><kwd>хронический рецидивирующий воспалительный оптический неврит</kwd><kwd>аутоиммунные антитела</kwd><kwd>зрительный нерв</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>терапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Chwalisz B.K. Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy (CRION). Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2022;80(5):453, 454. DOI: 10.1590/0004-282X-ANP-2022-E005</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Dermawan A., So K., Venugopal K., Picardo S. Infliximab-induced optic neuritis. BMJ Case Rep 2020;13(12):e236041. DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236041</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Esmaeil A., Ali A., Behbehani R. Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy: update on current diagnosis and treatment. Front Ophthalmol (Lausanne) 2023;2:1077395. DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2022.1077395</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Hagbohm C., Ouellette R., Flanagan E.P. et al Clinical and neuroimaging phenotypes of autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Neuro. 2024;31(7):e16284. DOI: 10.1111/ene.16284</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Hervas-Garcia J.V., Pagani-Cassara F. Neuropatia optica inflamatoria recurrente cronica: revision de la bibliografia [Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy: a literature review]. Rev Neurol. 2019;68(12):524–30. DOI: 10.33588/rn.6812.2018261</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Petzold A., Fraser C.L., Abegg M. et al. Diagnosis and classification of optic neuritis. Lancet Neurol 2022;21(12):1120–34. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(22)00200-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Pietris J., Santhosh S., Ferdinando Cirocco G. et al. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and optic neuropathy: a systematic review. Semin Ophthalmol 2023;38(6):547–58. DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2023.2168494</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Sève P., Jamilloux Y., Tilikete C. et al Ocular sarcoidosis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2020;41(5):673–88. DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710536</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Shetty D., Brahmbhatt S., Desai A. et al. Glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy: review of pathogenesis, imaging features, and radiographic mimics. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2024;45(10):1394–402. DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A8236</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Yan R., Mao Y., Zeng H. et al. Collapsin response mediator protein 5-associated optic neuropathy: clinical characteristics, radiologic clues, and outcomes. Front Neurol 2023;14:1163615. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1163615</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
