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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Child Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Child Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Русский журнал детской неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2073-8803</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9178</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">517</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2073-8803-2025-20-2-12-22</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Analysis of the efficacy and safety of first- and second-line disease-modifying drugs for multiple sclerosis in treatment of pediatric multiple sclerosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анализ эффективности и безопасности препаратов, изменяющих течение рассеянного склероза, 1-й и 2-й линии в лечении педиатрического рассеянного склероза</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1864-2381</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovchinnikova</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овчинникова</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniya Olegovna Ovchinnikova</p><p>61/2 Shchepkina St., Moscow 129110</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгения Олеговна Овчинникова</p><p>129110 Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2</p></bio><email>ovjane@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2988-5706</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>61/2 Shchepkina St., Moscow 129110</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129110 Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4099-8202</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Panteleeva</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пантелеева</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>61/2 Shchepkina St., Moscow 129110</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129110 Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6953-5239</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubanenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубаненко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1A Transportnyy Pereulok, Saint Petersburg 191119</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>191119 Санкт-Петербург, Транспортный переулок, 1А</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Imaging Medical Vision LLC</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО “Imaging Medical Vision”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-08-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-31"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, ABV-Press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-Press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://rjdn.abvpress.ru/jour/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjdn.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/517">https://rjdn.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/517</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>. Moderately effective therapy (MET) is recommended for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) with childhood onset, except when the course is highly active or primary progressive, then highly effective therapy (HET) is used. The results of randomized controlled trials as well as cohort observational studies have shown advantages of HET over MET.</p><p><bold>Aim</bold>. To evaluate the efficacy of first-line disease-modifying drugs in MS in children and compare it with the efficacy of second-line disease-modifying drugs in MS.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. On the basis of the paediatric neurology department of the M.F. Vladimirskiy Moscow State Medical Institute a cohort study was conducted that included 50 patients with MS who had experienced their first symptoms during childhood. These patients were receiving disease-modifying therapy for a period of more than one year, and had undergone a total of 87 attempts at therapy. A total of 67 courses of MET (interferon, glatiramer acetate, teriflunomide) and 20 courses of HET (fingolimod, ocrelizumab, rituximab before 18 years of age; natalizumab, ocrelizumab and alemtuzumab after 18 years of age) were administered.</p><p><bold>Results</bold>. The efficacy of MET was 16 % (11 cases out of 67) and of HET was 80 % (16 cases out of 20). In 30 % of cases, the decision to switch from the MET course to the HET course was taken. Significant adverse events occurred in 19 % of cases in the MET group, and in 5 % of cases in the HET group. The frequency of MET drug cancellation was 49 %, while the frequency of HET cancellation was 15 %.</p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. In the present study, the efficacy of MET in MS with a childhood onset was found to be 5 times lower than that of HET. Adverse events were observed to occur with a frequency four times higher in the context of MET than in the context of HET. The frequency of treatment discontinuation was found to be more than three times higher in cases of MET than in cases of HET. The results demonstrated that HET was associated with enhanced tolerability and adherence to treatment. Furthermore, emphasis was placed on the underutilisation of HET in children, with the recommendation that its utilisation be expanded at the pediatric onset MS.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Для лечения рассеянного склероза (РС) с дебютом в детском возрасте рекомендована умеренно эффективная терапия (УЭТ), кроме тех случаев, когда течение высокоактивное или первично-прогрессирующее, тогда применяется высокоэффективная терапия (ВЭТ). Результаты рандомизированных контролируемых исследований, а также когортных обсервационных исследований у детей показали преимущества ВЭТ по сравнению с УЭТ.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>– оценка эффективности препаратов, изменяющих течение РС, 1-й линии у детей и сравнение ее с эффективностью препаратов, изменяющих течение РС, 2-й линии.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. На базе детского отделения неврологии Московского областного научно-исследовательского клинического института им. М.Ф. Владимирского проведено исследование, в которое методом когортного отбора было включено 50 пациентов с дебютом РС в детском возрасте, получающих препараты, изменяющие течение РС, в течение более 1 лечебного года – 87 курсов терапии. Из них было назначено 67 курсов УЭТ (препараты группы интерферонов, глатирамера ацетат, терифлуномид) и 20 курсов ВЭТ (до 18 лет – финголимод, окрелизумаб, ритуксимаб; после 18 лет – натализумаб, окрелизумаб и алемтузумаб).</p><p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Эффективность УЭТ составила 16 % (11 случаев из 67), ВЭТ – 80 % (16 случаев из 20). При неэффективных курсах УЭТ переключение на ВЭТ имело место в 30 % случаев. На фоне назначенной УЭТ выраженные нежелательные явления возникли в 19 % случаев, на фоне ВЭТ – в 5 %. Частота отмены препаратов УЭТ составила 49 %, ВЭТ – 15 %.</p><p><bold>Выводы</bold>. В нашем исследовании эффективность УЭТ при РС с дебютом в детском возрасте была в 5 раз ниже, чем ВЭТ. На фоне УЭТ нежелательные явления возникали почти в 4 раза чаще, чем на фоне ВЭТ. Частота прекращения УЭТ была более чем в 3 раза выше по сравнению с ВЭТ. Результаты показали лучшую переносимость и приверженность лечению ВЭТ. Также сделан акцент на том, что ВЭТ у детей в настоящее время применяется все еще недостаточно часто, и на целесообразности более широкого применения ВЭТ при дебюте РС у детей.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pediatric onset multiple sclerosis</kwd><kwd>disease modifying therapy</kwd><kwd>highly effective therapy</kwd><kwd>moderately effective therapy</kwd><kwd>randomized controlled trial</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рассеянный склероз с дебютом в детском возрасте</kwd><kwd>препараты, изменяющие течение рассеянного склероза</kwd><kwd>болезнь-модифицирующая терапия</kwd><kwd>высокоэффективная терапия</kwd><kwd>умеренно эффективная терапия</kwd><kwd>рандомизированное контролируемое исследование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed without external funding.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено без спонсорской поддержки.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bembeeva R.Ts. 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