Russian Journal of Child NeurologyRussian Journal of Child NeurologyРусский журнал детской неврологии2073-88032412-9178Publishing House ABV Press50910.17650/2073-8803-2025-20-1-25-31REVIEWS AND LECTURESОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИMetabolic aspects of epilepsy: prospects for metabolome researchМетаболические аспекты эпилепсии: перспективы исследования метаболомаhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5463-707XSigalovD. O.СигаловД. О.
Russian Federation

Daniil O. Sigalov - Department of Nervous Diseases.

64 Vorovskogo St., Chelyabinsk 454141

Сигалов Даниил Олегович - кафедра нервных болезней.

454141 Челябинск, ул. Воровского, 64

i@dsigalov.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7653-3677KarpovaM. I.КарповаМ. И.
Russian Federation

Department of Nervous Diseases.

64 Vorovskogo St., Chelyabinsk 454141

Кафедра нервных болезней.

454141 Челябинск, ул. Воровского, 64

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4587-5087DolininaA. F.ДолининаА. Ф.
Russian Federation

Department of Nervous Diseases, South Ural State Medical University; Chelyabinsk Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital.

64 Vorovskogo St., Chelyabinsk 454141; 42A Blukhera St., Chelyabinsk 454087

Кафедра нервных болезней ФГБОУ ВО «ЮУГМУ» Минздрава России; ГАУЗ «Челябинская ОДКБ»

454141 Челябинск, ул. Воровского, 64; 454087 Челябинск, ул. Блюхера, 42A

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5687-3976SinitskiiA. I.СиницкийА. И.
Russian Federation

Department of Biochemistry named after R.I. Lifshitz.

64 Vorovskogo St., Chelyabinsk 454141, Russia

Кафедра биохимии им. Р.И. Лифшица.

454141 Челябинск, ул. Воровского, 64

South Ural State Medical University, Ministry of Health of RussiaФГБОУ ВО «Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииChelyabinsk Regional Children’s Clinical HospitalГАУЗ «Челябинская областная детская клиническая больница»1804202520125311704202517042025Copyright ©; 2025, ABV-PressCopyright ©; 2025, АБВ-пресс2025ABV-PressАБВ-прессhttps://rjdn.abvpress.ru/jour/about/editorialPolicieshttps://rjdn.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/509

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases. Despite the availability of modern antiepileptic drugs, up to 30 % of patients fail to achieve control over seizures and develop pharmacoresistancy, which leads to decrease in quality of life, social and professional limitations as well as their stigmatization in society. Epilepsy is closely connected with malfunction of one of the most metabolically active systems of our body – the central nervous system and seizures can be the cause of this metabolic failure as well as its consequence. Metabolomics is a new, rapidly developing scientific area and a promising tool for postgenomic research by studying biological fluids. The study of metabolome is the analysis of the combination of low molecular weight substances (metabolites) of an organism or biological sample, including various substances such as aminoacids, organic acids, sugars, steroids, nucleotides and lipids. This review summarizes the results of studies concerning the role of metabolic disorders in epileptogenesis. The analysis of scientific publications devoted to the assessment of the metabolic profile in epilepsy, the study of its features depending on the phenotype of the disease, and the response to therapy. Probably, further studies of metabolism will allow us to identify new biomarkers that can be used in the process of diagnostic search, in determining the prognosis of the disease and personification of therapy.

Эпилепсия является одним из наиболее распространенных неврологических заболеваний. Несмотря на наличие современных противосудорожных препаратов, примерно у 30 % пациентов не удается добиться контроля над пароксизмами, развивается фармакорезистентность, что приводит к снижению качества жизни, появлению социальных и профессиональных ограничений, а также стигматизации пациентов в обществе. Эпилепсия сопряжена с нарушением работы одной из наиболее метаболически активных систем организма – центральной нервной системы, при этом приступы могут быть как причиной, так и следствием метаболических расстройств. Метаболомика является новым, активно развивающимся научным направлением и перспективным инструментом для постгеномного исследования при помощи изучения биологических жидкостей. Изучение метаболома представляет собой анализ совокупности низкомолекулярных веществ (метаболитов) организма или биологического образца, включая различные вещества, такие как аминокислоты, органические кислоты, сахара, стероиды, нуклеотиды и липиды. В обзоре обобщены результаты исследований, касающихся роли метаболических нарушений в эпилептогенезе. Проведен анализ научных публикаций, посвященных оценке метаболомного профиля при эпилепсии, изучению его особенностей в зависимости от фенотипа заболевания, ответа на терапию. Вероятно, дальнейшие исследования метаболома позволят выделить новые биомаркеры, которые могут быть использованы в процессе диагностического поиска, в определении прогноза заболевания и персонификации терапии.

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