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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Child Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Child Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Русский журнал детской неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2073-8803</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9178</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">39</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2073-8803-2014-9-4-49-58</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">DYSTONIA IN CHILDREN (A LECTURE)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Дистония у детей (лекция)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bobylova</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бобылова</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mariya_bobylova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kakaulina</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Какаулина</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyina</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильина</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nekrasova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Некрасова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pechatnikova</surname><given-names>N. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Печатникова</surname><given-names>Н. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironov</surname><given-names>M. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронов</surname><given-names>М. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhin</surname><given-names>K. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухин</surname><given-names>К. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, 6 Svetlaya St., Puchkovo Settlement, Troitsk, Moscow, 143396, Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Институт детской неврологии и эпилепсии им. Святителя Луки», Россия, 143396, Москва, Троицк, п. Пучково, ул. Светлая, 6</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Children's Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Health of Russia, 117 Leninskiy Ave., Moscow, 117997, Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Российская детская клиническая больница» Минздрава России, Россия, 117997, Москва, Ленинский проспект, 117</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Medical Genetics of the Pediatric Faculty N.I. Pirogov Russian National Medical Research University, Ministry of Health of Russia, 1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow, 117997, Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">кафедра неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики педиатрического факультета ГБОУ ВПО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Россия, 117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2014-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2015-04-19"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2015-04-19"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2014, ABV-Press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2014, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-Press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://rjdn.abvpress.ru/jour/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjdn.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/39">https://rjdn.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/39</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Distonia is a movement disorder associated with imbalance of excitatory neurotransmitters, and it is characterized by continuous or episodic muscle contraction that forms repetitive stereotyped movements and/or postures. Dystonic hyperkinesia of younger children can be included into the structure of many syndromes that have different etiological factors, prognosis, and treatment. Different clinical variant of dystonia are represented: idiopathic benign dystonia with the onset in the first year of life; dystonia against the background of residual damage to the nervous system; hereditary idiopathic and symptomatic dystonia with various syndromes and metabolic diseases; similar conditions. Diagnostics of dystonia of children requires application of a wide range of examinations, including neuroimaging, continuous video electroencephalographic monitoring, genetic research. Differential diagnosis of dystonia of children is performed regarding various paroxysmal states of childhood of the epileptic and non-epileptic nature.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Дистония – это двигательное расстройство, связанное с дисбалансом возбуждающих нейромедиаторов и характеризующееся постоянным или эпизодическим сокращением мышц с формированием повторных стереотипных движений и/или поз. У детей младшего возраста дистонические гиперкинезы могут входить в структуру многих синдромов, которые имеют различные этиологические факторы, прогноз и лечение. Представлены различные клинические варианты дистоний: идиопатические доброкачественные с дебютом на первом году жизни; на фоне резидуального поражения нервной системы; наследственные идиопатические и симптоматические дистонии при различных синдромах и болезнях обмена; сходные состояния. Диагностика дистонии у детей требует применения широкого спектра обследований, в том числе нейровизуализации, продолженного видеоэлектроэнцефалографического мониторинга, генетических исследований. Дифференциальный диагноз дистонии у детей проводят с различными пароксизмальными состояниями детского возраста эпилептической и неэпилептической природы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dystonia</kwd><kwd>idiopathic dystonia</kwd><kwd>symptomatic dystonia</kwd><kwd>hereditary metabolic diseases</kwd><kwd>epilepsy</kwd><kwd>stereotypes</kwd><kwd>epileptic seizure</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>video electroencephalographic monitoring</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дистония</kwd><kwd>идиопатическая дистония</kwd><kwd>симптоматическая дистония</kwd><kwd>наследственные болезни обмена</kwd><kwd>эпилепсия</kwd><kwd>стереотипии</kwd><kwd>эпилептический приступ</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>видеоэлектроэнцефалографический мониторинг</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Артемьев Д.В. 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