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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Child Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Child Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Русский журнал детской неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2073-8803</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9178</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">389</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2073-8803-2021-16-4-77-80</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">CADASIL syndrome and demyelination: dual pathology? (a case report)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Синдром CADASIL и демиелинизация: dual pathology? (Описание клинического случая)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2988-5706</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shtang</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Штанг</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>129110, Moscow, Shchepkina St., 61/2</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>129110 Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0355-9443</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Aleksey Sergeevich Kotov</bold></p><p><italic>129110, Moscow, Shchepkina St., 61/2</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Алексей Сергеевич Котов</bold></p><p><italic>129110 Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2</italic></p></bio><email>alex-013@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-01-31"><day>31</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-01-31"><day>31</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, ABV-Press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-Press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://rjdn.abvpress.ru/jour/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjdn.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/389">https://rjdn.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/389</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>CADASIL syndrome (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy) is a rare hereditary disease affecting the brain associated with a mutation of the <italic>NOTCH3</italic> gene on the 19th chromosome. Additional difficulties arise with the comorbidity of CADASIL syndrome with other brain diseases that affect the white matter, for example, multiple sclerosis or similar diseases. In the presented clinical case, in addition to the genetically proven CADASIL syndrome, the patient had symptoms (awkwardness in her right hand, retrobulbar neuritis), which made us suspect a demyelinating disease. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed foci in the white matter of the brain without the accumulation of contrast and without infratentorial and stem foci. The type of synthesis of oligoclonal antibodies has been found to be typical of multiple sclerosis. The level of antibodies to MOG was also slightly increased. To clarify the diagnosis and prescribe the correct treatment, the patient is shown an additional examination.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Синдром CADASIL (церебральная аутосомно-доминантная артериопатия с субкортикальными инфарктами и лейкоэнцефалопатией) – редкое наследственное заболевание, поражающее головной мозг, связанное с мутацией гена <italic>NOTCH3</italic> на 19-й хромосоме. Дополнительные трудности возникают при коморбидности синдрома CADASIL с другими болезнями головного мозга, поражающими белое вещество, например рассеянным склерозом или схожими с ним заболеваниями. В представленном клиническом случае, помимо генетически доказанного синдрома CADASIL, у пациентки имели место симптомы (неловкость в правой руке, ретробульбарный неврит), заставляющие заподозрить демиелинизирующее заболевание. Магнитно-резонансная томография выявила очаги в белом веществе головного мозга без накопления контрастного вещества и без инфратенториальных и стволовых очагов. Тип синтеза олигоклональных антител оказался характерным для рассеянного склероза. Также был незначительно повышен уровень антител к миелиновому гликопротеину олигодендроцитов (МОГ). Для уточнения диагноза и назначения правильного лечения пациентке показано дополнительное обследование.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>CADASIL</kwd><kwd>multiple sclerosis</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>anti-MOG</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>CADASIL</kwd><kwd>рассеянный склероз</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>анти-МОГ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kotov A.S. Anti-MOG syndrome: two case reports. Nevrologiya, neiropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika = Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics 2019;11(1):84–8. (In Russ.). DOI:10.14412/2074-2711-2019-1-84-88.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Котов А.С. Синдром anti-MOG: описание двух случаев. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика 2019;11(1): 84–8. DOI:10.14412/2074-2711-2019-1-84-88.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Di Donato I., Bianchi S., De Stefano N. et al. Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) as a model of small vessel disease: update on clinical, diagnostic, and management aspects. BMC Med 2017;15(1):41. DOI:10.1186/s12916-017-0778-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Paraskevas G.P., Constantinides V.C., Kapaki E. Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy vs. multiple sclerosis. Either one or sometimes both? Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation 2018;5:49. 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