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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Child Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Child Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Русский журнал детской неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2073-8803</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9178</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">320</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2073-8803-2020-15-1-18-27</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Formation of the phenotype “epilepsy–autism” in childhood</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Формирование фенотипа «эпилепсия–аутизм» в детском возрасте</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudlatch</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудлач</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3/3 P. Brovki St., Minsk 220013, Republic of Belarus</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Республика Беларусь, 220013 Минск, ул. Павла Бровки, 3/3</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kot</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кот</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6 Yanki Luchiny St., Minsk 220112, Republic of Belarus</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Республика Беларусь, 220112 Минск, ул. Янки Лучины, 6</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shalkevich</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шалькевич</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3/3 P. Brovki St., Minsk 220013, Republic of Belarus</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Леонид Валентинович Шалькевич, Республика Беларусь, 220013 Минск, ул. Павла Бровки, 3/3</p></bio><email>leoshal@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГУО «Белорусская медицинская академия последипломного образования»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">City Clinical Children’s Psychiatric Dispensary</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">УЗ «Городской клинический детский психиатрический диспансер»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-05-18"><day>18</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-05-18"><day>18</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, ABV-Press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-Press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://rjdn.abvpress.ru/jour/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjdn.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/320">https://rjdn.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/320</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The combination of autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) with epilepsy is one of the most common neuropsychiatric comorbidities, which occurs with a frequency of up to 46 %. Such a high frequency is explained by the similarity of the pathophysiological mechanisms of each of the nosologies development. The common basis for both epileptogenesis and the development of ASD is the anomalies of neural communication mediated by the inversion of neurotransmission. In the formation of the epilepsy–autism phenotype the most significant is impairment of the departments responsible for the verbal-mediated social functioning. Such disorders are manifested in the lag of mental functions development, as well as in the epileptiform activity forming and epileptic seizures triggering. The epilepsy – autism comorbid phenotype core is represented by forms with an established genetic defect associated with structural pathology of the CNS. However, other ways of forming such a phenotype are also possible. Thus, in the epileptic or epileptiform encephalopathies picture there are often symptoms of ASD called an acquired epileptic neuropsychological syndrome. On the other hand, ASD (or the pervasive developmental disorder semiotics) may develop against the epileptiform changes background. In such cases, autistic epileptiform (in case of clinical seizures–epileptic) regression is diagnosed. Our concept of the epilepsy–autism phenotype forming is based on a detailed comparison of the etiology and pathogenesis of epilepsy and ASD. It is presented in the original cyclic sequence form. The variability of the epilepsy–autism phenotype is also presented in the form of the diagram explaining the perspective of each of the nosologies relationship.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Сочетание расстройств аутистического спектра (РАС) с эпилепсией является одной из наиболее распространенных психоневрологических коморбидностей, которая встречается с частотой до 46 %. Такая высокая частота объясняется сходностью патофизиологических механизмов развития каждой из нозологий. Общей основой как для эпилептогенеза, так и для развития РАС служат аномалии межнейронной коммуникации, опосредованные инверсией нейротрансмиссии. В аспекте формирования фенотипа «эпилепсия–аутизм» наиболее значимо расстройство функционирования отделов, отвечающих за вербально-опосредованное социальное функционирование. Подобные расстройства проявляются в отставании развития высших психических функций, а также в склонности к формированию эпилептиформной активности и триггера эпилептических приступов. Ядро коморбидного фенотипа «эпилепсия–аутизм» представлено формами с установленным генетическим дефектом, сопряженным со структурной патологией центральной нервной системы. Однако возможны и другие пути формирования такого фенотипа. Так, в клинической картине эпилептических либо эпилептиформных энцефалопатий часто встречаются отдельные симптомы, характерные для РАС, что носит название приобретенного эпилептического нейропсихологического синдрома. С другой стороны, РАС (или отдельная семиотика этого первазивного расстройства развития) может развиваться на фоне эпилептиформных изменений биоэлектрической активности головного мозга. В подобных случаях диагностируется аутистический эпилептиформный (а в случае регистрации клинических приступов – эпилептический) регресс. Наша концепция формирования фенотипа «эпилепсия–аутизм», описанная в данной статье, основана на подробном сопоставлении этиологии и патогенеза эпилепсии и РАС и разработке оригинальной циклической последовательности. Вариативность фенотипа «эпилепсия–аутизм» представлена в виде авторской диаграммы и объяснена с позиции причинно-следственных взаимоотношений каждой из нозологий.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epilepsy</kwd><kwd>autism spectrum disorders</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпилепсия</kwd><kwd>расстройства аутистического спектра</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guzeva V.I. Epilepsy and non-epileptic paroxysmal disorders in children. Moscow: MIA, 2007. 66 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гузева В.И. Эпилепсия и неэпилептические пароксизмальные состояния у детей. 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