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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Child Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Child Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Русский журнал детской неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2073-8803</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9178</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">233</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2073-8803-2017-12-4-32-42</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Motor and sensory alalia: diagnostic difficulties</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Моторная и сенсорная алалия: сложности диагностики</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bobylova</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бобылова</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>9 Akademika Anokhina St., Moscow 119579.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119579 Москва, ул. Академика Анохина, 9.</p></bio><email>mariya_bobylova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kapustina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капустина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16 Nizhnyaya Maslovka St., Moscow 127220.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>27220 Москва, ул. Нижняя Масловка, 16.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Braudo</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Браудо</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>9 Akademika Anokhina St., Moscow 119579.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119579 Москва, ул. Академика Анохина, 9.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramov</surname><given-names>M. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамов</surname><given-names>М. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>9 Akademika Anokhina St., Moscow 119579.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119579 Москва, ул. Академика Анохина, 9.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klepikov</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клепиков</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>18 Rimskogo-Korsakova St., Moscow 127566.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>127566 Москва, ул. Римского-Корсакова, 18.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Panfilova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панфилова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>18 Rimskogo-Korsakova St., Moscow 127566.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>127566 Москва, ул. Римского-Корсакова, 18.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Svt. Luka’s Institute of Child and Adult Neurology and Epilepsy.</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Институт детской и взрослой неврологии и эпилепсии им. Святителя Луки».</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Educational Center No. 1601 named after the Hero of the Soviet Union E.K. Lyutikov.</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБОУ «Центр образования № 1601 им. Героя Советского Союза Е.К. Лютикова».</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Center for Children’s Development (“Razvitiye plus”).</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Детский центр “Развитие плюс”.</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-01-19"><day>19</day><month>01</month><year>2018</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2018-01-19"><day>19</day><month>01</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2017, ABV-Press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-Press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://rjdn.abvpress.ru/jour/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjdn.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/233">https://rjdn.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/233</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Alalia is a speech disorder that develops due to organic brain damage in children with normal hearing and intelligence during the first three year of life. Systemic speech underdevelopment in alalia is characterized by violations in the phonetic, phonemic, lexical, and grammatical structure. Patients with alalia can also have non-speech related impairments, including motor (impaired movement and coordination), sensory (impaired sensitivity and perception), and psychopathological disorders. There are three types of alalia: motor, sensory, and mixed. Children with motor alalia have expressive language disorders, speech praxis, poor speech fluency, impaired articulation, and other focal neurological symptoms; however, they understand speech directed to them. Patients with motor alalia are often left-handed. Regional slowing and epileptiform activity are often detected on their electroencephalogram.  Children with sensory alalia are characterized by poor speech understanding (despite normal hearing) resulting in secondary underdevelopment of their own speech. These patients have problems with the analysis of sounds, including speech sounds (impaired speech gnosis), which prevents the development of association between the sound image and the object. Therefore, the child hears, but does not understand the speech directed at him/her (auditory agnosia). Differential diagnosis of alalia is challenging and may require several months of observation. It also implies the exclusion of hearing loss and mental disorders.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>motor alalia</kwd><kwd>sensory alalia</kwd><kwd>speech development in children</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>моторная алалия</kwd><kwd>сенсорная алалия</kwd><kwd>речевое развитие у детей</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Айкарди Ж., Бакс М., Гиллберг К. Заболевания нервной системы у детей. 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